PbTiO3 nanomaterials with various phase structures were obtained by the hydrothermal method using different mineralizers. PbTiO3 nanostructures with PE phase could be obtained by using NaOH as mineralizers, while PX and PY phase of PbTiO3 can be synthesized when the ethanolamine was used as mineralizer. The microstructural analysis reveals that the diameters of PbTiO3 nanowires with PX phase is about 20 nm with the [011] growth direction, while the nanowires is along [001] direction for PE phase PbTiO3, and branch like nanostructures is obtained for PY phase PbTiO3. Room temperature Raman spectrum study indicates that peak bands of these three phases were broadened comparing with bulk materials and more phonon vibration mode can be found in PX compare with PE phase. In addition, a blue green luminescence is observed at room temperature for PbTiO3 nanomaterials with PX phase, which should be relative to the non uniform band gap structure caused by surface oxygen vacancies.