The transmission spectrum characteristics in stress effect of (one dimensional phononic crystal containing aluminum and epoxy resin material have been investigated by transfer matrix method in this paper. Through analyzing the transmission spectral line, a new phenomenon has been found that under the influence of pressure variable, the sonic band gaps can be controlled—appear or disappear, and as the change of pressure the band gap will reverse or translate. This is called mesoscopic piezo phononic effect differing from the acoustic elastic effect in bulk material. The relationship between the transmission spectrum and numbers of phonon crystal is further studied. The results show that the uniaxial stress has a significant effect on the phonon crystal band gap. These features also provides a theoretical reference for the design and application of new acoustic device.