The influence of different reaction conditions(concentration of CH3COO)2Pb,precursor solution, pH,reaction time and calcination temperature) on crystalline degree and grain size of PZT powders were investigated with the orthogonal experimental method. PZT piezoelectric ceramics and PZT/sulphoaluminate cement based piezoelectric composites were prepared by pressing method.Range analysis and variance analysis methods were employed to characterize influences of reaction condition on crystalline phase and granularity of PZT powders, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of PZT ceramics and composites,and the best preparation process were obtained. Results show that,the optimal reaction conditions were (CH3COO)2Pb concentration of 15%,the pH value of 5.0,the reaction time of 2 h,the calcination temperature of 600 ℃.The calcination temperature has the principle effect on piezoelectric and dielectric properties of ceramics and composites. The piezoelectric constant d33 and relative dielectric constant εr of PZT ceramics were 38.5 pC/N and 1.3,respectively.However,d33 and εr of composites were 4.4 pC/N and 29.4 respectively,accordingly, which mainly attributes to insufficiency of cement hydration and uncompacted structure of composites.