In space structure, the bonding process and bonding effect evaluation of composite materials and metal materials are very important for ensuring the safety of the spacecraft operation. A scheme of using the distributed optical fiber grating sensor to monitor the process of cementing solidification for composite materials and aluminum alloy is proposed in this work. According to the structural characteristics of composite/aluminium alloy’s double layer and the curing process, the related factors that caused the change of strain in the adhesive layer during cementing curing process were analyzed. The layout scheme of the fiber grating sensors and the temperature compensation methods were studied, and the encapsulation method of temperature compensation of fiber grating sensor in the process of cementing curing was given. On this basis, a monitoring system of fiber Bragg grating sensor was constructed to monitor adhesive curing process of composite/aluminium alloy,which could realize the monitoring of the solidification of glue joint. The obtained results were of great significance for improving composite cementing method of the aerospace structure and realizing the online monitoring of the process of cementing and timeliness.