Based on the theoretical analyses and experimental verification of the temperature and the axial stress response characteristics, a pandatype polarization maintaining fiber grating is fabricated, and according to the experimental results, we comparatively analyze the power variation under the circumstance that the temperature and the axial stressare increased gradually. The experimental results show that the pandatype polarization maintaining fiber grating in high temperature of 100~550 ℃has stable wavelength response characteristics, and its bimodal wavelength sensitivity are 14.3 pm/℃ and 14.4 pm /℃ respectively, the linear fitting is as high as 99.9%. Within the scope of 0~2.4 N, the bimodal axial stress response sensitivity is as high as 1.477 nm/N and 1.490 nm/N respectively, and its linear sensitivity is as high as 99.9%. With the increase of temperature and axial stress, the response of the reflection spectrum to the power variation is different. The polarization maintaining fiber grating has the advantages of simple structure, wide temperature range and large axial stress sensitivity coefficient, and has wide application prospects.