The influence of the piezoceramic volume fraction (vc) on the performance of the 13 piezoelectric composite transducer is studied. The transceiver performance is mainly measured by the transmitting voltage response and receiving sensitivity. Through the finite element simulation and experiment, the law of the transducer’s receiving sensitivity and transmitting response varying with the volume fraction of piezoelectric ceramics is analyzed, and the results of experiment and finite element calculation are compared, which are basically in agreement with each other. The experimental and simulation results show that when vc＜0.4, the transmitting voltage response of the transducer shows a growing trend. When vc is between 0.4 and 0.7, the transmitting voltage response tends to a stable value of 173 dB. When vc is between 0.2 and 0.4, the receiver sensitivity shows an increasing trend. When vc is around 0.4, it reaches -180.4 dB; while when the vc is between 0.4 and 0.6, the receiving sensitivity gradually decreases.